Figure 2 depicts open-loop SMLA architecture that applies to all configurations. Users interact with the system through a human machine interface (HMI). They program the desired motion sequence into the motion controller, which sends it to the stepper motor drive for conversion and amplification before transmitting it to the SMLA, which makes the moves. The communication pathway is unidirectional; neither the motion controller nor the HMI ever receives any notification that the intended move has been completed successfully.

Knowing exactly where a load is positioned is critical for many high-precision applications such as medical instruments, measuring devices and laboratory equipment. Also, certain applications can power off unexpectedly or have their load forced out of position. In such scenarios, it would be impossible to know the exact position of the load without using a feedback mechanism. A good example of an application that benefits from the functionality of an encoder is automated pipetting machine. (Figure 3) These devices utilize an encoder on the horizontal axis to accurately track the location of the dispensing pipette and ensure fluid is transferred to the proper test tube. Other examples include fluid pumps, 3D printers and XY stages.