Extracting precise engineering data from a physical test bench is another major hurdle. The dynamic and complex nature of gearbox operation makes it difficult to gather accurate and comprehensive data, essential for informed design decisions. One of the primary challenges is visualizing the behavior of lubricant within the gearbox. Lubricant splashing, crucial for cooling and lubrication, occurs rapidly and chaotically, making it difficult to observe and analyze. Windows in casings and high-speed cameras are sometimes used to capture these dynamics, but these methods have limitations. The visibility inside the gearbox is restricted, and the high-speed cameras required for capturing fast events are expensive and can only provide limited views. Churning loss, the resistance created by lubricant splashing against rotating parts, is a critical factor affecting gearbox efficiency. Accurately measuring churning loss in a physical test bench is challenging. It requires precise instrumentation capable of capturing the subtle differences in torque. The sensors and equipment needed must be carefully calibrated and maintained to ensure accuracy. Torque loss measurement is the sum of the churning loss, the bearings loss, seal friction losses and the gears friction, making churning loss only estimation challenging. Temperature measurement on fast-rotating parts and small bearings presents another significant challenge. Thermocouples, sensitive paint and labels are commonly used, but placing these sensors on moving parts is complex. Ensuring that the sensors remain in contact and provide accurate readings while the parts are in motion is difficult. Additionally, the small size of bearings and the high rotational speeds make it hard to obtain precise temperature data. Usually, a paint label can be placed on a neighboring shaft, but not on the bearing itself. And it is telling you if the temperature has reached a certain threshold but does not give you the value. The challenges associated with physical gearbox test benches underscore the limitations of traditional prototyping and testing methods. The time and cost of building prototypes, combined with the difficulties in extracting accurate engineering data, significantly hinder the efficiency of the development process. These challenges highlight the need for advanced simulation techniques and virtual models, which can provide a more efficient, cost-effective, and comprehensive approach to gearbox design and analysis. By leveraging these technologies, engineers can rapidly iterate designs, test multiple conditions and scenarios, and extract detailed insights without the constraints of physical prototyping.